Convert Celsius To Fahrenheit

Temperature plays a vital role in our daily lives—whether you’re checking the weather, cooking a meal, conducting a science experiment, or traveling abroad. However, the way temperature is measured isn’t the same everywhere. While many countries around the world use Celsius (°C) as the standard unit for measuring temperature, others—most notably the United States—rely on Fahrenheit (°F). This difference often creates confusion, especially when trying to interpret temperature data across different regions or industries.

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is a simple yet essential skill that can help you better understand temperature readings in diverse contexts. Whether you’re interpreting a forecast, adjusting your oven settings, or working on an international project, knowing how to switch between these two units is incredibly useful.

This article will walk you through everything you need to know about Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion. From understanding the origins and logic behind both temperature scales to learning the exact formula and seeing it in action through real-world examples, we’ve got you covered. You’ll also find charts, mental math tips, and a guide to using digital converters to make the process faster and more convenient.

Let’s dive into the science, the history, and the practical know-how behind converting Celsius to Fahrenheit.

Understanding Celsius and Fahrenheit

Before diving into how to convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit, it’s important to understand the origin and logic behind both temperature scales. These two systems were developed in different regions for different purposes, which is why they vary so much in how they represent the same physical reality.

A. What Is Celsius?

The Celsius scale, also known as the centigrade scale, is a metric unit of temperature. It was developed in 1742 by Anders Celsius, a Swedish astronomer. Originally, his scale had 0°C as the boiling point of water and 100°C as the freezing point, but it was later reversed to match modern conventions.

Key characteristics of the Celsius scale:

• 0°C = Freezing point of water

• 100°C = Boiling point of water (at standard atmospheric pressure)

• It is part of the metric system, making it the standard in most countries and scientific disciplines.

Celsius is widely used in daily life across Europe, Asia, South America, Australia, and nearly every country except the U.S.

B. What Is Fahrenheit?

The Fahrenheit scale was developed earlier, in 1724, by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, a Polish-German physicist and engineer. He based his scale on three fixed temperature points:

• 0°F = A mixture of ice, water, and salt (the coldest he could create in a lab)

• 32°F = Freezing point of water

• 212°F = Boiling point of water

Key characteristics of the Fahrenheit scale:

• 32°F = Freezing point of water

• 212°F = Boiling point of water

• Used primarily in the United States, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and a few other nations.

While it may seem more complex at first glance, the Fahrenheit scale was designed for precision—particularly in everyday weather and body temperature ranges. For example, the human body’s average temperature is approximately 98.6°F, which offers a finer scale for small fluctuations.

C. Summary Table: Celsius vs. Fahrenheit

Understanding the background and context of these temperature systems helps you appreciate why conversion is sometimes necessary and why both systems still coexist today. In the next section, we’ll look at the exact formula to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit, making it easy for you to switch between these two units with confidence.

Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversion Formula

Converting Celsius to Fahrenheit is straightforward once you understand the formula. Whether you need to convert a weather forecast, a cooking temperature, or a scientific measurement, this section will walk you through the exact method and show examples for clarity.

A. The Standard Formula

The official formula to convert Celsius (°C) to Fahrenheit (°F) is:

$$°F = (°C × \frac{9}{5}) + 32$$

Let’s break this down:

• Multiply the Celsius temperature by 9

• Divide the result by 5

• Add 32 to the final result

This formula works because the Celsius and Fahrenheit scales increase at different rates. Every 1°C increase equals a 1.8°F increase (which is 9/5), and 0°C starts at 32°F in the Fahrenheit system.

B. Example Calculations

Let’s apply the formula to real examples:

1. Convert 0°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (0 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 0 + 32 = 32°F$$

Result: 0°C = 32°F

2. Convert 25°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (25 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 45 + 32 = 77°F$$

Result: 25°C = 77°F

3. Convert -10°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (-10 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = -18 + 32 = 14°F$$

Result: -10°C = 14°F

C. Quick Reference Formula for Estimation

If you’re doing mental math or need an approximate value quickly, you can use a shortcut:

$$°F ≈ (°C × 2) + 30$$

This method is not exact but gives you a rough approximation within a few degrees—ideal for everyday use.

Example:

Convert 20°C using the shortcut:

$$°F ≈ (20 × 2) + 30 = 40 + 30 = 70°F$$

Actual: 20°C = 68°F — So the shortcut is close.

D. Reverse Formula (Fahrenheit to Celsius)

Just for balance, here’s how to convert in the other direction:

$$°C = (°F – 32) × \frac{5}{9}$$

This is useful if you’re dealing with Fahrenheit values but want to know the equivalent Celsius temperature.

Example: Convert 98.6°F to Celsius

$$°C = (98.6 – 32) × \frac{5}{9} = 66.6 × \frac{5}{9} ≈ 37°C$$

E. Visual Conversion Table

Mastering this conversion formula gives you the power to understand and interpret temperature readings in any format. In the next section, we’ll guide you step-by-step on how to use this formula for any temperature value.

Step-by-Step Guide to Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit

While the conversion formula is straightforward, breaking it down into a step-by-step process can make it easier to remember and apply. Whether you’re doing calculations manually or teaching someone how to convert, this method ensures accuracy and builds confidence.

A. Step 1: Multiply the Celsius Temperature by 9

Take the temperature in Celsius and multiply it by 9.

This reflects the fact that each degree Celsius equals 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit (and 1.8 = 9/5).

Example:

$$25°C × 9 = 225$$

B. Step 2: Divide the Result by 5

Now, take the result from step 1 and divide it by 5 to finish the scaling adjustment.

Example:

$$225 ÷ 5 = 45$$

C. Step 3: Add 32

Finally, add 32 to the number you got in step 2. This accounts for the offset in the Fahrenheit system, where 0°C corresponds to 32°F.

Example:

$$45 + 32 = 77°F$$

So, 25°C = 77°F

D. Full Example Walkthrough: Convert 37°C (Body Temperature)

Let’s apply the step-by-step method to convert the average human body temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit:

1. Multiply:

$$37 × 9 = 333$$

2. Divide:

$$333 ÷ 5 = 66.6$$

3. Add 32:

$$66.6 + 32 = 98.6°F$$

Result: 37°C = 98.6°F

E. Practice Tip: Use Rounding for Simplicity

If you’re working without a calculator and need a quick estimate:

• Use (°C × 2) + 30 as a mental shortcut.

• It’s not precise but close enough for general understanding.

Example:

$$20°C × 2 = 40, 40 + 30 = 70°F Actual: 68°F (So it’s close—just 2°F off)$$

F. Common Pitfalls to Avoid

• Forgetting to add 32: This is crucial—without it, your result will be far off.

• Incorrect order of operations: Always multiply first, divide second, add last.

• Rounding too early: If precision matters (in labs, for instance), don’t round until the final step.

By following these steps, anyone can confidently convert temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit in daily life, in schoolwork, or on the job. Next, we’ll explore why these two systems are so different—and why we still use both today.

Why the Two Systems Are Different

The Celsius and Fahrenheit scales both serve the same purpose—measuring temperature—but they were developed with different reference points, intentions, and historical influences. Understanding the reasons behind their differences helps make sense of why conversion is even necessary in the first place.

A. Scientific vs. Practical Origins

Celsius: Designed for Science and Simplicity

• Invented by Anders Celsius in 1742.

• Based on water’s freezing point (0°C) and boiling point (100°C) at standard atmospheric pressure.

• Aligned with the metric system, which uses a base-10 structure—easy to understand, calculate, and apply.

• Commonly used in science, weather, education, and nearly all countries globally.

Fahrenheit: Designed for Human Experience

• Developed by Daniel Fahrenheit in 1724.

• Initially defined using three temperature reference points: a freezing brine solution (0°F), freezing point of water (32°F), and human body temperature (96°F, later adjusted to 98.6°F).

• Offers more granularity in the range of typical daily weather and body temperature readings.

• Still widely used in the United States, its territories, and some Caribbean nations.

B. Differences in Scale and Measurement Intervals

The size of one Fahrenheit degree is smaller than a Celsius degree, which allows for more precision in everyday temperatures. For example, a small change in body temperature—such as 0.5°F—can be significant in medicine.

C. Global Use and Regional Preferences

• Celsius is the standard temperature unit in almost every country worldwide, especially after the adoption of the metric system. It is the default in:

  • Europe

  • Asia

  • Africa

  • Australia

  • South America

• Fahrenheit remains in use primarily in the United States, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Liberia.

  • The U.S. adopted Fahrenheit for legacy and cultural reasons and has maintained it due to inertia and familiarity, especially in weather, cooking, and health-related fields.

D. Why Both Still Exist Today

Despite the global trend toward Celsius, Fahrenheit persists due to:

• Deep integration in local practices (weather reports, product labeling, HVAC systems)

• Comfort with the scale among local populations

• Cost of nationwide conversion to metric systems (e.g., infrastructure, education, product redesign)

Both systems serve valid purposes, and until there’s full global standardization (if ever), understanding how to convert between them will remain useful.

With this context in mind, let’s move on to explore common Celsius to Fahrenheit conversions that you’ll frequently encounter in real-world scenarios.

Common Celsius to Fahrenheit Conversions

To make your everyday life easier—whether you’re checking the weather abroad, using an international recipe, or conducting an experiment—it’s helpful to memorize or bookmark some of the most commonly encountered Celsius to Fahrenheit conversions. Below is a list of popular values with their exact equivalents in Fahrenheit.

A. Quick Reference Chart

B. Highlighted Individual Conversions

Let’s focus on some practical, real-world values:

• 10°C to °F

  
  $$(10 × 9/5) + 32 = 50°F$$
  

  Useful for spring or fall temperatures.

• 20°C to °F

  
  $$(20 × 9/5) + 32 = 68°F$$
  

  This is widely considered room temperature.

• 25°C to °F

  
  $$(25 × 9/5) + 32 = 77°F$$
  

  A nice summer day—ideal for outdoor activities.

• 37°C to °F

  
  $$(37 × 9/5) + 32 = 98.6°F$$
  

  Average human body temperature.

• 100°C to °F

  
  $$(100 × 9/5) + 32 = 212°F$$
  

  Boiling point of water.

C. Temperature Ranges by Environment

D. Summary of Commonly Searched Conversions

Here’s a compact list of frequently searched values:

• 15°C = 59°F

• 18°C = 64.4°F

• 21°C = 69.8°F

• 22°C = 71.6°F

• 23°C = 73.4°F

• 24°C = 75.2°F

• 26°C = 78.8°F

• 27°C = 80.6°F

• 28°C = 82.4°F

• 29°C = 84.2°F

• 32°C = 89.6°F

Having these conversions at your fingertips can save you time and give you an intuitive feel for temperatures in different regions. Up next, let’s explore how to use online tools and mobile apps for quick and accurate conversions on the go.

Using Online Conversion Tools

While learning to manually convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is a valuable skill, online tools make the process faster, easier, and less prone to error—especially when dealing with complex or repeated calculations. This section introduces the benefits of using these tools and suggests reliable options for everyday use.

A. Benefits of Using Online Converters

1. Speed and Convenience

• Instantly convert temperatures without having to do the math.

• No need to remember formulas or use a calculator.

2. Accuracy

• Automated tools eliminate manual calculation errors.

• Useful for tasks where precision matters—like scientific experiments or medical data.

3. User-Friendly Interfaces

• Most tools require just a single input (e.g., “25°C”) and instantly display the result.

• Mobile responsive, so you can use them on the go.

4. Multiple Conversion Options

• Many platforms offer Fahrenheit-to-Celsius, Kelvin, and other unit conversions (e.g., pressure, weight, distance).

B. How to Use a Celsius to Fahrenheit Converter Tool

Step-by-Step Guide:

1. Visit a unit converter website (e.g., Unit Converter Free or Google search).

2. Locate the Temperature Converter section.

3. Enter the value in Celsius.

4. Select “Convert” or wait for the automatic output.

5. View the result in Fahrenheit.

6. Optionally, copy, download, or print the result.

Example:

If you type “20°C to °F” into Google, the top result will automatically display:

• 20°C = 68°F

C. Recommended Online Tools and Mobile Apps

D. Offline Tools: Smart Assistants and Calculators

• Voice Assistants:
  
  Use voice commands with Siri, Alexa, or Google Assistant.
  
  Example: “Hey Siri, what’s 30 degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit?”

• Scientific Calculators:
  
  Many come with built-in temperature conversion modes.

Celsius to Fahrenheit in Daily Life

Understanding how to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit isn’t just a mathematical exercise—it’s a practical tool that shows up in numerous real-world situations. From everyday conversations to technical professions, the ability to switch between these temperature scales can improve your clarity, decision-making, and safety.

A. Travel and International Communication

1. Weather Reports

When traveling between countries that use different temperature systems (e.g., U.S. to Europe), it’s crucial to interpret weather forecasts correctly.

• Example: A forecast of 30°C in Rome = 86°F — pack light clothing.

• Tourists from the U.S. often misinterpret Celsius, thinking “20°C” is cold when it’s actually a comfortable 68°F.

2. Airport Displays and Hotel Thermostats

Many international locations display temperatures in °C, so understanding conversions helps with:

• Dressing appropriately

• Adjusting air conditioning/heating

• Avoiding misunderstandings when asking locals about the weather

B. Cooking and Baking

Many global recipes list oven or cooking temperatures in Celsius, especially if they originate from Europe, Australia, or Asia.

Example:

A European recipe might suggest preheating to 200°C, which equals 392°F. If you’re using an American oven, knowing this prevents undercooking or overcooking.

C. Healthcare and Medical Use

Temperature readings are essential in clinical and home healthcare:

• Thermometers: Some display °C, others °F. Knowing that 37°C = 98.6°F helps you identify normal body temperature.

• Fever: A patient with a temperature of 39°C actually has a high-grade fever (102.2°F).

Accurate interpretation ensures appropriate treatment decisions.

D. Education and Academic Contexts

Students in science classes often need to:

• Convert temperatures in lab reports

• Understand graphs or tables in textbooks

• Compare results across different unit systems

Learning Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion prepares students for exams and real-world science careers.

E. Engineering and Industrial Applications

In fields like mechanical, HVAC, and chemical engineering, precise temperature data matters. Equipment may:

• Be calibrated in one unit system

• Require monitoring of setpoints in both °C and °F

• Demand cross-reference between documentation from different regions

Professionals must convert values quickly and correctly to maintain system performance and safety.

F. Fashion and Lifestyle

Retailers (especially online) often list clothing recommendations based on weather:

• Light jacket for 15°C – which is 59°F

• Winter coats for -5°C – which is 23°F

Knowing the temperature in your familiar unit helps you choose the right gear when shopping globally.

By recognizing how and where Celsius to Fahrenheit conversions come into play, you gain practical skills that go far beyond theory. In the next section, we’ll provide quick-reference charts and tips to help you remember common conversions on the fly.

Fahrenheit to Celsius Quick Reference Chart

While the primary focus of this article is on converting Celsius to Fahrenheit, it’s equally helpful to know the reverse—especially if you’re reading Fahrenheit temperatures and need to understand them in Celsius. The following chart and explanations will help you do just that.

A. Reverse Conversion Formula

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius, use the formula:

$$°C = (°F – 32) × \frac{5}{9}$$

Example:

Convert 98.6°F to Celsius:

$$(98.6 – 32) × \frac{5}{9} = 66.6 × \frac{5}{9} ≈ 37°C$$

B. Fahrenheit to Celsius Chart

C. Rounded Values for Quick Use

These are not exact conversions but are accurate enough for everyday estimates.

D. Useful Temperature Landmarks

• Fever Thresholds:

  • 100.4°F ≈ 38°C (Mild fever)

  • 102.2°F ≈ 39°C (High fever)

  • 104°F ≈ 40°C (Serious fever)

• Weather Ranges:

  • 60°F = 15.5°C (Mild and comfortable)

  • 90°F = 32.2°C (Very warm/hot)

  • 20°F = -6.7°C (Below freezing, icy conditions)

E. Quick Tip for Estimation

To estimate Fahrenheit to Celsius in your head:

$$°C ≈ (°F – 30) ÷ 2$$

Example:

80°F

$$(80 – 30) ÷ 2 = 25°C$$

Actual: 26.7°C — Close enough for casual use.

With this reference chart and a simple formula, you’ll be able to interpret Fahrenheit temperatures just as easily as Celsius. Up next, we’ll cover quick tips and tricks to make mental conversions even easier.

Quick Tips and Tricks

When you need to convert between Celsius and Fahrenheit on the fly—whether in conversation, cooking, or travel—memorizing a few conversion tricks and shortcuts can save time and make you look like a temperature expert. Below are some practical ways to estimate conversions without a calculator.

A. Mental Shortcut for Celsius to Fahrenheit

Trick:

$$°F ≈ (°C × 2) + 30$$

This gives you a quick approximation that is usually within 1–2 degrees of the actual value.

Examples:

• 20°C

  
  $$(20 × 2) + 30 = 70°F$$
  

  Actual: 68°F

• 25°C

  
  $$(25 × 2) + 30 = 80°F$$
  

  Actual: 77°F

• 30°C

  
  $$(30 × 2) + 30 = 90°F$$
  

  Actual: 86°F

This shortcut is especially helpful when you’re estimating weather or room temperatures and don’t need perfect accuracy.

B. Mental Shortcut for Fahrenheit to Celsius

Trick:

$$°C ≈ (°F – 30) ÷ 2$$

Examples:

• 86°F

  
  $$(86 – 30) ÷ 2 = 28°C$$
  

  Actual: 30°C

• 72°F

  
  $$(72 – 30) ÷ 2 = 21°C$$
  

  Actual: 22°C

Again, this shortcut gives you a ballpark figure that’s perfect for casual use like weather conversations or thermostat adjustments.

C. Remember Key Benchmarks

Memorizing a few “anchor” conversions makes estimation easier:

D. Use Rhyming or Memory Aids

• “Double C, plus 30 is F for me.”

• “30 is hot, 20 is nice, 10 is cold, and 0 is ice.”

These simple rhymes help learners, especially kids or language learners, retain the basic concepts easily.

E. Print or Save a Quick Reference Chart

If you’re a student, traveler, or working in international environments, printing a conversion table or saving it to your phone can be a helpful move.

By using these mental math strategies and mnemonic devices, you can estimate temperature conversions quickly and confidently—without pulling out your phone or calculator every time. Up next, we’ll cover some of the most frequently asked questions about Celsius and Fahrenheit.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Whether you’re a student, traveler, professional, or simply curious, temperature conversions can raise questions. Below are answers to some of the most common queries about converting Celsius to Fahrenheit and understanding both systems.

1. Why does the United States use Fahrenheit instead of Celsius?

The U.S. adopted the Fahrenheit system in the 18th century, and it became deeply embedded in American culture, weather reporting, household appliances, and education. Despite international pressure and the scientific advantages of Celsius, converting an entire country’s infrastructure would be costly and disruptive. As a result, Fahrenheit remains standard in the U.S., though Celsius is used in scientific contexts.

2. Is there a temperature where Celsius and Fahrenheit are the same?

Yes, -40°C equals -40°F.

This is the only point where both scales intersect, and it serves as a helpful landmark for memory and math checks.

3. Which temperature scale is more accurate?

Neither is inherently more accurate. However:

• Fahrenheit uses smaller intervals (1°F = 0.56°C), so it allows for more granular measurement in common weather ranges.

• Celsius is easier for calculations and better suited to scientific work due to its alignment with the metric system.

4. Why is water’s freezing point 32°F instead of 0°F?

Daniel Fahrenheit based his scale on a mixture of brine (saltwater and ice), assigning it 0°F as a baseline. He then determined 32°F as the freezing point of pure water. Celsius, invented later, was specifically designed around water’s freezing and boiling points, making it more logical for scientific use.

5. What are some quick ways to estimate Celsius to Fahrenheit in my head?

Use this shortcut:

°F ≈ (°C × 2) + 30
]

It gives a rough estimate within 1–3 degrees. Great for casual situations like checking the weather or travel planning.

6. Which scale is used in science and international standards?

Celsius is the international standard used in:

• Science and laboratories

• Global weather reporting

• Most industries and metric-standard countries

Kelvin is also used in scientific research, especially in physics and thermodynamics.

7. What is the normal human body temperature in both Celsius and Fahrenheit?

• 37°C = 98.6°F
  However, normal body temperature can vary slightly:

• Typically 36.5°C to 37.5°C (97.7°F to 99.5°F)

8. Do ovens and appliances support both scales?

Many modern ovens and thermostats, especially in international or export markets, include both °C and °F settings. Always check the manual or the temperature dial. If using a recipe from another country, conversion is essential to avoid over- or undercooking.

Understanding these frequently asked questions helps you deepen your practical and theoretical grasp of the Celsius and Fahrenheit systems. In the next section, we’ll reinforce your learning with examples and practice exercises.

Practical Examples & Exercises

The best way to master Celsius to Fahrenheit conversion is through hands-on practice. This section provides examples and exercises with detailed solutions to help you gain confidence and reinforce what you’ve learned.

A. Practice Problem Set

Try converting the following temperatures from Celsius to Fahrenheit using the formula:

$$°F = (°C × \frac{9}{5}) + 32$$

1. Convert 15°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (15 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 27 + 32 = 59°F$$

✅ Answer: 59°F

2. Convert -10°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (-10 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = -18 + 32 = 14°F$$

✅ Answer: 14°F

3. Convert 0°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (0 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 0 + 32 = 32°F$$

✅ Answer: 32°F

4. Convert 100°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (100 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 180 + 32 = 212°F$$

✅ Answer: 212°F

5. Convert 40°C to Fahrenheit

$$°F = (40 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 72 + 32 = 104°F$$

✅ Answer: 104°F

B. Bonus Questions – Estimate Using Mental Math Shortcut

Use the quick estimate:

$$°F ≈ (°C × 2) + 30$$

6. Estimate 23°C

$$23 × 2 = 46 → 46 + 30 = 76°F$$

Actual: 73.4°F (very close!)

7. Estimate 12°C

$$12 × 2 = 24 → 24 + 30 = 54°F$$

Actual: 53.6°F

C. Matching Exercise

Match the Celsius temperatures in the left column with the correct Fahrenheit values on the right.

D. Fill in the Blank

1. 20°C is approximately ______________ °F.
   
   ✅ Answer: 68°F

2. A summer day at 35°C feels like ______________ °F.
   
   ✅ Answer: 95°F

3. 98.6°F is the same as ______________ °C.
   
   ✅ Answer: 37°C

E. Real-World Scenario Exercise

You’re traveling to Paris, and the weather forecast says 18°C. You’re from the U.S. and want to know how warm that is.

Let’s calculate:

$$°F = (18 × \frac{9}{5}) + 32 = 32.4 + 32 = 64.4°F$$

✅ Conclusion: You’ll need a light jacket—mild and comfortable weather.

Conclusion

Understanding how to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit is a valuable skill in our increasingly interconnected world. Whether you’re a traveler, student, cook, scientist, or simply someone who enjoys following global weather trends, the ability to interpret temperature data in both systems ensures clearer communication, better decisions, and greater confidence in daily life.

In this comprehensive guide, we explored:

• The history and logic behind both Celsius and Fahrenheit

• The exact conversion formula:

  
  $$°F = (°C × \frac{9}{5}) + 32$$
  

• Step-by-step methods for manual and mental conversions

• Tables of common temperature values

• Practical uses in cooking, healthcare, education, and travel

• Tools and tips to simplify your experience—whether online or in your head

By now, you should feel equipped to perform Celsius to Fahrenheit conversions with ease—whether you’re adjusting an oven in a foreign kitchen, interpreting a weather forecast in another country, or completing a school assignment.

✅ Key Takeaways:

• Celsius is used globally and in science.

• Fahrenheit remains in use primarily in the United States.

• Use online tools or mental shortcuts like

  
  $$°F ≈ (°C × 2) + 30$$
  

  for quick estimates.

• Remember key anchor points like:
  
  0°C = 32°F, 20°C = 68°F, 100°C = 212°F.